Groupthink and Asian Cultures Free Essays

Prabhjot Kaur Communication Theory Final Paper ASSUMPTIONS: An elevated level of cohesiveness is generally present when oblivious obedience happens, and there is an incredible hesitance with respect to assemble individuals to wander from the group’s position. They would prefer not to leave, be constrained out, or be disregarded by different individuals. This â€Å"oneness† related with cohesiveness is regularly an alluring condition aside from when the gathering depends a lot on solidarity that the attractive finishes are not centered around. We will compose a custom exposition test on Oblivious obedience and Asian Cultures or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now They are probably going to work in the gathering in a way that looks for the endorsement and even fondness of the other gathering individuals. This isn't equivalent to needing to satisfy the gathering chief with practically no worry for the assessment of the other gathering individuals. Cohesiveness is only one of three conditions vital for mindless obedience to exist. The subsequent presumption identifies with the procedure of critical thinking in little gatherings checking it a typically bound together procedure. At the point when a gathering is given the assignment of settling on a choice they for the most part go in with the idea of arriving at a consistent choice and endeavor to get along. They are likewise vulnerable to adjust to the cohesiveness of the gathering because of affiliative limitations. An affiliative limitation alludes to individuals retaining their own feelings in dread of being dismissed by the gathering. (West Turner, 243) This is crucial to the result of oblivious obedience provided that the individuals with restricting perspectives didn't fear dismissal and contended their perspectives the dynamic procedure would be additionally postponed and would influence the cohesiveness of the gathering. The third supposition that will be that gatherings and dynamic are regularly mind boggling. There must be different options accessible than simply the one alternative the gathering is picking and the individuals from the gathering must know about these choices. On the off chance that there are no different alternatives, at that point mindless conformity doesn't have any significant bearing in light of the fact that there is no substantial info being retained by the individuals. Gathering individuals must know the who different individuals are and have the option to comprehend the situation of different individuals. Numerous variables, for example, â€Å"age, size of gatherings, knowledge of gathering individuals, sexual orientation piece, serious nature of gathering individuals, and initiative styles that develop in the group† (West Turner, 244), will influence on how bunch individuals carry on and decide to challenge the group’s choice. Gathering individuals who are comparative in one or a significant number of these zones to each other are increasingly helpful for oblivious compliance. Homogeneity can encourage mindless conformity among individuals and debilitate them to challenge the gathering. (West Turner, 244) CONDITIONS THAT PROMOTE: The main condition that advances mindless compliance is nearness of the cohesiveness we talked about before makes pressure for individuals adjust. The other two conditions are; bunch auxiliary factors and gathering pressure. The structure of the gathering affects the manner in which the gathering will work when confronted with a mind boggling issue to tackle. It is significant for the gathering to have solid gathering protection or â€Å"the capacity to stay unaffected by outside influences† (West Turner, 246). Fair-minded administration additionally can make individuals not approach the full data accessible to assist them with settling on their choice. Pioneers who have their very own plan organize that first before the well toll of the gathering. Last auxiliary imperfection that could prompt oblivious conformity is the absence of dynamic techniques. In the event that the systems are not obviously settled, at that point the individuals have no structure to follow and arrive at a substantial choice and can without much of a stretch become mixed up in the impact of others to adjust. Likewise, if there is no assorted variety in the foundations and experience present in the gathering then it might be hard for the gathering to have the option to see all sides of the issue before settling on their ultimate conclusion. Forestall: West and Turner layout four significant ways while talking about how to forestall oblivious compliance. The primary proposal is to require oversight and control panel to implement the methods set for dynamic and make them mindful of their obligation to challenge cooperation. The subsequent suggestion is to grasp whistle blowing, so the individuals will report untrustworthy or unlawful practices. The third proposal is to take into consideration complaint in light of the fact that upright dissenters who will avoid the dynamic procedure because of infringement of individual cognizant need a sheltered domain for individuals to challenge the aggregate view without dreading dismissal or different types of negative responses. The last proposal is to adjust accord and lion's share rule. It is a lot of strain to get an accord rather it is smarter to progress in the direction of a larger part choice. EXTENTION: Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social analyst that did an investigation on of societies across present day countries. Geert Hofstede (2001) characterizes Power Distance to â€Å"the degree to which the less amazing individuals from associations and foundations (like the family) acknowledge and expect that force is appropriated unequally†. The U. S. s considered a low force separation nation, which means inside establishments and associations here individuals identify with each other more as equivalents paying little heed to formal positions. Anyway in high force separation nations the less amazing acknowledge power relations that are higher in status. Hofstedes’ information from his investigation of more than 40 nations shows that India has the most powerful separation score for culture. This score suggests an elevated level of imbalance of influence and riches inside society. This condition is a social standard for the India as opposed to a negative impact of oblivious compliance. This nearness of a powerful separation encourages mindless obedience. Sinha (2008) clarifies, â€Å"The seniors in a gathering set the tone and decide, which the remainder of the gathering individuals are probably going to acknowledge moving along without any more addressing. † This custom is extended to individual life too where the old of the family will settle on choices that the rest will follow. Geert Hofstede (2001), a Dutch social therapist, characterizes power separation as â€Å"the degree to which the less incredible individuals from associations and foundations (like the family) acknowledge and expect that force is conveyed inconsistent.  A low force separation nation, for example, the United States is the place people identify with each other more as equivalents paying little heed to formal positions; in any case, in high force separation nations like India, the less amazing acknowledge power relations that are of higher status. Hofstedes’s social informa tion research of 40 nations shows that India has the most powerful separation score, which suggests an elevated level of disparity of influence and riches inside society. Sinha (2008) clarifies, â€Å"The seniors in a gathering set the tone and decide, which the remainder of the gathering individuals are probably going to acknowledge moving along without any more addressing. †Ã‚  Rather than oblivious obedience negatively affecting cooperative choice creation, this is a social standard in India. This custom is continued to individual life too where the old of the family will settle on choices for everybody. This nearness of a powerful separation encourages oblivious compliance in different parts of Indian culture. Step by step instructions to refer to Groupthink and Asian Cultures, Papers

Final Paper on Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Last Paper on Philosophy Essay In its known use, the word Reality relates to something that really exists and which can be felt by the faculties. Power, a part of Philosophy, attempts to recognize reality from deception, as it explores on things that are genuine which could likewise be only hallucinations of what individuals need to be realâ€ideals. Be that as it may, what can be detected from the environmental factors doesn't appear to be simply unimportant hallucinations, as the body and the psyche respond to all that it detects. In Philosophy, reality ordinarily relates to presence since it is appeared differently in relation to nonexistenceâ€those unrealâ€and unimportant possibilitiesâ€could be genuine however doesn't really exist, except if found. To this date, there are still hypotheses about the Nature of Reality. It could be conceivable that individuals are living on their fantasy universes, and not as a general rule (like in the Matrix film). Be that as it may, these individuals see their fantasy universes as an equivalent of the real world. Henceforth, they are as yet living in all actuality except if somebody hauls them out of that reality and into another degree of the real world, which is all the more genuine. 2. On a nutshell, the narrative film â€Å"Zen and Now† by Alan Watts calls attention to that individuals should live in the Now which is really the fundamental rule of Zen reasoning. Superfluous stuff could just frustrate the person’s progress, in proceeding onward with their life. Individual advancement is by all accounts the undying point of Zen reasoning as it advances pushing ahead as opposed to shackling the self behind previously. It additionally doesn't involve expecting what could occur later on. The essential center is the Now, neither the past nor what's to come. The standard of Zen relates to building up an amicability with oneself before individuals could set up it with others and with the world. Consequently, it ought to be very easy to comprehend what Alan Watts needed to pass on. Living in the now is the most ideal approach to live since it disposes of the abundance things that hauls the individual towards their sinkholeâ€the past. This stuff typically make up of the person’s laments, essentially anything contrary about their past (occasions, characters, and so forth). 3. The Zimbardo film is about the Stanford Prison Experiment which was directed by Philip Zimbardo. Essentially, it involved the pretending of the two detainees and watches by members who were screened before being acknowledged. As the film would appear, the participants’ creative mind became wild, even with the nearness of the exploration group. It might conceivably be a carry on of human instinct, when these members were given their separate jobs. They went about as though it were the genuine article; monitors taking out their dissatisfaction towards the detainees and detainees would plan of getting away or making riots inside the jail. The pretending appeared to release certified human instinct of numerous members as some would show vicious propensities towards the detainees. It additionally appeared that creative mind at first had an influence on this â€Å"unleashing† yet it was more crafted by the subliminal that guided these individuals to totally accept their particular jobs. Nature, whereupon an individual has a place with, can have a dumbfounding impact towards that person. It can really modify a portion of the person’s qualities as it is a piece of human instinct to adjust to specific conditions. It additionally impacts the person’s view of their world as certain circumstances and conditions associated with nature would influence the individual. 4. The Milgram explore involved the testing of a person’s dutifulness to a power who requests would train the person in question to do dishonest things that contradicts with the person’s inner voice. A large number of the experiment’s members were hesitant of managing a high voltage stun of 450 towards the recipient. As the outcome would appear, the eagerness of the member to manage the 450-volts stun significantly clashes with their still, small voice. They must be forced, compromised, or manhandled so as to effectively control the stun; except if it filled a more serious need. People don't obey orders that can be named dishonest, right away. Human still, small voice appears to forestall the individual to follow the orders decisively. The analysis could as of now be seen as unscrupulous in light of the fact that it involved the electro-stunning of the student by the teacherâ€the member. The connection among power and heart was tried in this examination. A large number of the members were hesitant to follow the orders of the position figure. They gave indications of ignoring the power figure since they would accept that what they were entrusted to perform is exploitative. 5. Steve Pinker’s stand is to repair the present English Language that has been desolated by different media impacts, by recovering the regard for the English language. Each individual is competent to talk linguistically however some way or another they would decide to follow the English language that mainstream society appears to advance (as referenced, rockers, surfers, valley young ladies), just as the gauges proposed by Mavens which he completely detests. For whatever length of time that these two would keep on advancing their variant of English, at that point relearning appropriate syntax would be a hard errand. The advancement of the best possible utilization of English will be an extreme street ahead for any semblance of Pinker, as media and the experts would keep on affecting society. 6. Both the earth and through and through freedom assume a critical job in forming an individual into what the individual can become later on. Unrestrained choice would include choices to specific circumstances that could really be called by the person’s condition. Nonetheless, through and through freedom would at last shape the individual more altogether than the earth as it is their choices that advance the improvement of the individual. The earth could just assume a minor job on the person’s improvement. It is the person’s through and through freedom that shapes their future. I accept on unrestrained choice as the impetus in forming the individual. Through and through freedom empowers the individual to take an interest with nature like creation the correct choices for specific circumstances wherein some are raised by the earth. An individual couldn't and ought not depend on destiny so as to support that person progress throughout everyday life or push ahead. It is all crafted by unrestrained choice that permits such change to happen inside the individual and their life. 7. Charlie Manson experienced social relapse in his youth life, as his mom dismissed him a couple of times; at a certain point, in any event, exchanging him for a pitcher of liquor. In jail, he took in the lessons of Scientology (a religion drove by L Ron Hubbard) and applied a large number of it to his own set up reasoning that he and his devotees put stock in. The developing emergency of the racial strain between the whites and blacks made him dread that one day, the blacks will assume control over the whites’ position in the public arena, whereupon accepting that the Manson family will at that point have command over the blacks and their general public. The Manson reasoning (coded: Helter Skelter) was as dangerous as it very well may be, as it included prodding disarray in the public arena. His adherents were made to accept that they were following the orders of a Jesus Christ in essence, as they had to do anything he orders. It was not destiny that brought him into turning into the individual that everybody dreaded before. It was his through and through freedom that prodded the various homicides, requested his â€Å"family† to submit these killings, and sent him to jail. Obviously, he didn't have power over his through and through freedom as he did everything that appeared to satisfy him. 8. There would be a clamor made as it tumbles to the ground. Be that as it may, it would not be heard by anything or anybody as there are no living animals in the woodland; except if one would consider the encompassing trees as living things (honestly, they are). It is for sure that there will be commotion made as the tree would come smashing down, yet without an animal to hear the clamor, at that point it would not be considered as clamor in any case. Different sides could be drawn up from this inquiry: (1) There is a clamor since it tumbled to the ground hard (I guess it would be hard), and (2) there would not be a solitary commotion as no living animal heard it. For (1), anything can make a clamor, purposefully or unexpectedly. So it is incomprehensible for the tree to tumble down hard quietly. In (2), regardless of whether the tree makes a commotion while tumbling down, who might be there to get the sound and finish up it as a kind of clamor? That is by all accounts the primary issue here as most living animals (if not, all) could hear sound. On the other hand, commotion was made however nothing had the option to get it and reason that it was clamor. 9. The Sensory Transduction includes the identification and interpretation of any type of boost. It includes the five detects, making tangible transduction an imperative piece of people’s lives. It includes how individuals would decipher what they could detect. Individuals might be able to control the transduction of sensorial vibrations (for the most part connected with sentiments), despite the fact that it may require tremendous measures of focus and resolution. The cerebrum would interpret these sensorial vibrations to support the person; which the individual in question later converts into understanding by how the person responds to the deciphered sensorial vibrations (by the mind). Then again, these sensorial vibrations may travel unreasonably quick for the individual, empowering intuition to follow all the way through in giving the individual how to respond on the given circumstance; given that the person in question previously encountered a similar condition previously. I accept individuals could control the transduction of sensorial vibrations basically in light of the fact that they could pick what they need to detect. A kid would close their eyes on the most startling pieces of the ghastliness m

More humanities than a humanities major

More humanities than a humanities major Okay folks, heres what I have to do this weekend 1. Write a blog entry 2. Study for 10.213 test Monday 3. Study for a 10.302 test Tuesday 4. Do 10.302 problem set for Monday 5. Do 10.28 problem set for Monday 6. Write introduction to 10.28 advanced technical review for Monday 7. Work 4-hour Burton-Conner desk shift Sunday Night 8. Do German I homework and dictation 9. Marching Band rehearsal 10. Finish Harmony and Counterpoint compositions for Monday 11. Laundry, laundry, laundry 12. Go to New York and Connecticut with Mitra to see Abyssinia, an inspiring musical written by a friend of a friend of Sams Mom Because I am a fool, I also bought the wrong tickets for the Chinatown bus, which we need to have changed mere moments before our departure. That should be stress-free. The moral of the story is look for a majorly awesome update Tuesday night or thereabouts. On second thought, what am I going to write about? Taking exams? Anyway, later this week I am heading to the Ig Nobel Awards and to a five-dollar fall retreat at a cabin in New Hampshire with the dorm, both of which have boundless blogging potential. On weekends like this, I have an old test that I keep in a special place that I take out and read through and remember a time when I used to feel smart: The test is from the Fall 2004 term when I was taking 21M.271: Symphony and Concerto. The test involved listening to various symphonies and concerti and then identifying them and writing down 6 characteristics (key, time signature, texture, instrumentation, etc). For every excerpt, you got an extra point if you wrote down 7 musical characteristics instead of 6. It seems like not everybody in the class took full advantage of that stipulation, so I made out pretty well. In general, Ive done fairly well at humanities classes at MIT, but they do end up being a lot of work if youre not ready for them. This was also part the greatest week in history; I had four exams, a prelab, and a lab report, and I believe the Red Sox won the ALCS also. This test was on Wednesday and then I had three more on Friday. So, I started off the week with an A+++ in 21M.271 and gradually regressed to a 54/100 in 18.701, Algebra I. Which was still a B-, of course.

Rising Up in Still I Rise by Maya Angelou Essays - 649 Words

Rising Up in Still I Rise by Maya Angelou ?Still I Rise? by Maya Angelou is directed towards blacks on how to be proud of their ancestry, themselves, and their overall appearance. The poem is a special and motivating poem that African-Americans (and other races for that matter) should read and take to heart. According to African-Americans, Maya Angelou states that no matter what white Americans (slave owners) say or do to African-Americans (slaves) they can still rise up to make a better life for themselves and their race as a whole. One reason blacks should rise above their oppression is so they can better themselves and in turn make a better life for their next generation, just as their ancestors tried to do. ?Bring the†¦show more content†¦Self love and assurance are also a major component to rising above others as Maya Angelou explains in her poem. She expresses herself by saying sassiness, which means to talk to someone disrespectfully, can help a person achieve personal satisfaction that may help them take on tough situations. Many slave felt intimidated by their masters and they felt that what their masters said about them was true and without their masters they would be in a worse situation. The appearance, shape, and style of an African-American is another way that whites try to downgrade the African-American race. Many blacks in the past and the presence have a problem with their shape, hair, and overall appearance due to the way whites despised their looks. Maya Angelou is trying to help other African-Americans see the beauty within themselves and not let the hatefulness of white Americans influence how they feel about themselves by saying ?You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I?ll rise?. Some white Americans may interpret the previous quote differently by saying they can talk to the slaves the way they want, they can give the slaves an evil look, they can also be hateful to the slaves, but no matter what the slave masters will continue to be better and rise about the slaves. In myShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Determination Essay687 Words   |  3 Pagesthat one does not give up, and to keep trying until they successfully overcome the obstacles that stand in their way. â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou are two different works written by two different authors yet they both convey the same message. Together, the two authors stress the significance of pushing harder when faced with conflicts rather than simply giving up. Using figurative language and repetition, Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou effectively emphasizeRead MoreStill I Rise1036 Words   |  5 PagesStill I rise Favorite Poem Essay Maya Angelou’s poem Still I Rise is an astonishing piece of art. The reason I chose this poem is because it’s not only a poem, it’s a story. The poem is about Maya Angelou’s beliefs being a women of color about discrimination. It’s not just her personal story but a universal experience for those with an African American background. Throughout the poem, Maya Angelou uses many poetic devices to give us more in-depth meaning behind what is in the poem. These poeticRead MoreStill I Rise1705 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Still I Rise† Poem Analysis â€Å"Still I Rise† was written by Maya Angelou, who is an African-American poet. A majority of her poems are written on slavery and life as a African- American woman. â€Å"Still I Rise† is one of the many well known. She discusses how she is treated differently and refers to her ancestry and relates to events they went through during the time of slavery and the events she continues to go through during her time period of life. â€Å"This poem has been an inspiration to peopleRead MoreAnalysis of the poem Still I Rise1268 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of the poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou African Americans have been oppressed for centuries. Despite this discrimination, people of this race have fought hard for their freedom and respect. This pursuit of equality is evident inMaya Angelou’s poem, â€Å"Still I Rise†. Angelou integrates numerous literary ideas such as various sounds, poetry forms, and key concepts.The poetic devices incorporated in Maya Angelou’s work, â€Å"Still I Rise†,heightens the overall effectivenessRead MoreStill I Rise by Maya Angelou Literary Analysis Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou, the poet uses repetition, metaphors and similes to express to her audience about how she has overcome racism in her life through demonstrating a strong, proud and defiant attitude to inspire others. The poet uses repetition of the word ‘rise’ to show that she has overcome and risen above racism. In the line, ‘you may trod me in the very dirt but still, like dust ill rise’ it expresses to the reader one of the key ideas in her poem, that no matter howRead MoreThe Time Period Of Transcendentalism1278 Words   |  6 PagesThese tenets I am going to focus on is: confidence, self-reliance, free thought, nonconformity, and the importance of nature. Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement in the 1800’s where people responded to the strict rules back then. They declared that they didn’t have to follow all of the rules and decided to go off of independent tenets. Many pieces of literature contain some or all of these tenets, the ones I’m going to discuss and analyze today are Still I Rise by Maya Angelou that focusesRead MoreUxt Task 1945 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Analysis of â€Å"Still I Rise† 1 Analysis of â€Å"Still I Rise† When reading, â€Å"Still I Rise†, by Maya Angelou, I immediately get a sense of perseverance and pride. The author seems to be addressing her adversaries directly through her words. I love the imagery used in this poem. I can almost see the dust rising and can feel the swelling of the black ocean that the author mentions. â€Å"Cause I walk like I got oil wells pumping in my living room†(Angelou, 1978), and, â€Å"Laugh like I’veRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pages Maya Angelou was considered numerus things during her life she was an author, poet, actor, director, singer, dancer, writer and civil rights activist. She was considered one of the most renowned and influential voices of current views. She is one of the few recognisable civil rights activist working right beside Martin Luther Jr and many other leaders including presidents. Working in the Reagan and Bush ad ministry. She wrought a best-selling auto biography â€Å"I know why the caged bird sings†. Trough-outRead MoreA Comparison of ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou and ‘No Problem’ by Benjamin Zephaniah860 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Angelou is a internationally respected, brilliant poet, and author. Maya Angelou says In all my work I try to tell the human truth, what it is like to be human, what makes us stumble and somehow miraculously rise and go on from the darkness and into the light†. This theme is consistently exemplified throughout Angelous g reatly acclaimed poem ‘Still I rise’. The poem shows us the true life story of Maya Angelous tragedies, and their dreadful conditions she had encountered in her youth. ButRead MoreMaya Angelou And Still I Rise897 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and the poem â€Å"Still I Rise† Kate Chopin and Maya Angelou have explored the theme of oppression in a variety of different ways. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a short story based around how dramatically things can change within the space of an hour and how this can affect your life in the short period of time. Within the hour Mr Mallard is presumed dead in a railroad disaster, resulting in Mrs Mallard short lived ‘freedom’ after years of being oppressed, before soon learning that

Condemning The Lies By Ronald Reagan - 1856 Words

Condemning the Lies In the early spring of 1983, Americans are threatened by the looming uncertainty of a nuclear war, courtesy of the Soviet Union. The ultimate goal of the Soviet Union is to suffocate the ideology of capitalism, which of course is the support on which America is built, and replace it with their own ideology- communism. This pronounced menace also threatens all those who worship God, as communism does not support belief in a higher power. After achieving an understanding of this fact, our President at the time, Ronald Reagan, who is heavily devoted to the Christian faith, sets about exposing the dark overtones communism submits upon its subjects. Through his speech â€Å"The Evil Empire†, the Republican President inspires the American people to stand firm against the communist ideals of the Soviet Union by depicting them as a sinful, unethical country, desiring to snuff out the illuminating flame of freedom. Immediately, Ronald Reagan portrays himself as one of the common people. With his humble acknowledgement of applause and references to him and his wife, Nancy, on a first name basis, Reagan establishes a bond of similarity with the people he is speaking to. Unlike most politicians, Reagan also begins his speech with a story, a clever anecdote in which a politician finally makes it to heaven. While lighthearted, this narrative also eases the audience into feeling comfortable, even friendly with Reagan. Afterwards Reagan declares, â€Å"I don’t want to contributeShow MoreRelatedMass Incarceration : A Small Look Into Our Predicament1942 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome presidents; many of his successors would use this in their own campaigns. This included Ronald Reagan, George Bush sr., and Bill Clinton. While president Nixon called for a â€Å"war on drugs† which stated drugs as â€Å"public enemy number one† which was very prevalent in black communities during that time which basically made it a war on African Americans. Reagan took this approach even further by condemning many of the African American females as â€Å"welfare queens†, women who would take advantage ofRead MoreWhy Did Communism Fail During The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev?4960 Words   |  20 Pageswho was the head of the secret police. He also, separated the state security from other police work, delegating it to become the committee of state security or KGB and later on the MVD (Miller, 21). In 1956, after a secret speech denying and condemning Stalin as an evil leader, he introduced a campaign called de-stanilisation with the purpose to eliminate all the institutions that helped Stalin hold power. He also terminated hard labor, closed the Gulags and freed political prisoners. HoweverRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 Pagesaltering the lives of people across the globe. Fast dissemination of media, books, music, internation al ideas and values has produced a somewhat global culture. Key Institutions of Globalization The main pivot of propagating economic globalization lies with certain powerful financial institutions that are solely in the hands of western countries. They include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These institutions, collectively known as theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCities: Social Conflicts and Governance (New York: Oxford University Press). 82 †¢ CHAPTER 2 Mangin, William, ed. 1970. Peasants in Cities: Readings in the Anthropology of Urbanization (Boston: Houghton Mifflin). Marcuse, Peter, and Ronald van Kempen, eds. 2000. Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order (Malden: MA: Blackwell). McKenzie, Roderick. 1927. â€Å"The Concept of Dominance and World Organization,† American Journal of Sociology 33, no. 1 (July): 28–42. Mumford, Lewis. 1961. The

Various Views of Knowledge Free Essays

Knowledge can be interpreted in many different ways. Some may see knowledge as learned education. Others may see education as intelligence. We will write a custom essay sample on Various Views of Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now None of these perspectives of knowledge are right or wrong. Every person is entitled to their own definition, source, and use of knowledge in their lives. I view knowledge as the wisdom and insight that one may acquire over time, by personal experiences and influences in life. Most of the basic knowledge acquired by people starting at a young age is in school. As young children, we learn elementary facts such as our numbers and the alphabet. The older we become, the more facts we are taught, and the more complex these facts become. The knowledge one may learn in school is what I think of as worldly knowledge that will get people into the colleges and jobs that they may desire. The people that are abundant in educational knowledge are the people who dominate our economy and run our country. Certainly, this is one of the more important types of knowledge there are and definitely one that we could not do without, but it is not quite as important as some of the others. Education is vital in life, but mere facts cannot aid in the solution to all problems. Another source of knowledge is entertainment, such as in television, movies, books, or even music. Certain types of entertainment can even be education. For example, television shows such as â€Å"20/20† or â€Å"DateLine† are both very informative shows, but interesting enough to entertain the public. Entertainment can be tricky, though. The media can convince us, even brainwash us, to believe certain truths that may not be accurate. The television shows we watch and the music that we listen to are huge daily influences on our lives. They help shape the way we think, what we know, and what we feel. We follow the trends that television tells us are â€Å"in† and say the things that everyone says. We tend to try to model ourselves after the people on the big screen. The enormous impact that the media and entertainment industry has on the public grows daily with increasing technology. The internet is one of the newer sources of both education and entertainment. It is also fairly harmful. Many things that are banned from television and movies are easily accessible on the World Wide Web, to everyone, including children. The relationships that we have with people, whether it is co-workers, family, or friends, directly influence us with every interaction. In the workplace, the people that one may work with affect our work habits. If a person works in a busy, fast-paced office, he will be used to that type of lifestyle. But if that same person were to move to a slow-paced, lazy office, he would feel unproductive and lazy. At home, the people that we live with, our family, are our first teachers. Home is where we learn the morals and values that we, as adults, pass on to our children. Our manners and etiquette that are learned at home are what we bring into the outside world and portray to others. The knowledge and insight that we acquire from our family members are never forgotten and stay in our hearts and minds for a lifetime. I believe that the relationships one has with friends and lovers are important in shaping a person†s thoughts and actions. These are the people that we turn to in good times and bad, troubles and joys. They are the ones we turn to for advice and consolment. They are the ones that are with us in difficult situations. For example, if there is a group of friends and a few start smoking, it is high likely for all of them to begin smoking. Boy/Girlfriends, however, are a different, more intimate type of influence. Personally, every guy that I have ever dated has changed me in some way, whether it is significant or not. Through the different experiences and emotions one may feel through falling in and out of love, one learns some of the most important lessons of life. Just from falling in love once, one can learn so many things through mistakes and good choices. Love is knowing. My father is an extremely knowledgeable person. He may not be educated with diplomas and degrees, but he is educated with insight. His is a deeper knowledge that goes beyond the outside surface of people and into their hearts and souls. My father never passed high school education. The knowledge that he has acquired over the years has been purely from his own personal endeavors. I complemented him on his wisdom and he responded with this (in Korean): â€Å"I never thought I was smart. I hated school and always played tricks on fellow students and my teachers. I was a class clown. But as I grew older, I wished that I had paid more attention in my classes. It†s such a waste.† My father is a perfect example of wisdom without academic excellence. Don†t get me wrong. He is a very smart and clever man. His knowledge just was not learned by the books. â€Å"I†ve had a hard life. I think I have. There have been so many hard times. Things always go wrong. But when something goes wrong, at least you learn and can keep it from happening again. I†m smart. With old age comes wisdom, you know? With every little thing that happens in your life, you learn. As long as you keep learning, you†re okay.† I believe that knowledge is a gift. It is something that one can never have enough of. It is special and different in it†s own way in every individual. There is no bad or useless knowledge. Every type of knowledge has value, whether the knowledge is about math, cars, or even trash. Each piece of knowledge that we acquire make us into the people that we are. Knowledge is acquired not only through sights and sounds, but feelings and emotions. It is the key to life. As they say, â€Å"knowledge is power.† How to cite Various Views of Knowledge, Papers

Odysseus free essay sample

Humans compare many things like, how tall they are or how much they weigh. World literature generally gives us many ways to compare on work from another as for example, Odysseus in the epic poem The Odyssey by Homer, and Oedipus in the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles. These two men may have one thing in common, their pride. However, their relationships, self-control, and motivations are totally different from each other. Pride is a funny thing, too much or too little of it can hurt you, however, just enough pride can help you achieve many things. Pride can come from a lot of different things like, winning a battle, being king, or just being well known. Odysseus and Oedipus both had pride, but different forms of it. One of the men was more humble while the other would not listen to anyone. One of the men’s pride led him to his fall and caused him to turn on his own friend, the other man’s pride helped him achieve wondrous things like, getting back home to his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oedipus was a king, as well as Odysseus, but Oedipus was not a very humble king. He was proud to be king and wanted everyone else to know he was king. Oedipus was well known among his people, but when asked questions about himself, he did not like to answer. Oedipus would avoid answering questions about himself. He would not listen to anything anybody had to say. For example, when Creon, Oedipus’s brother-in-law and friend, comes back from the oracle with the news about the plague, Creon wishes to tell Oedipus in private, but Oedipus was everyone else to hear. Oedipus thought one way and one way only, his way. Oedipus also like to blame other people, nothing was ever his fault. In the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Thebes in under a plague and for the plague to lifted, the murderer of Laius must be driven out of Thebes. Oedipus goes on to blame the citizens of Thebes for making no attempt to find the criminals, because of his pride Oedipus will blame everyone else before he will blame himself. Another example of Oedipus blaming others, when Oedipus finds out he is the murderer, he goes to blame Creon thinking that Creon wants to steal his crown and thrown. Oedipus has a very hard believing anyone. Because of his pride Oedipus thinks he knows all and everyone else knows nothing. When the blind prophet Tiresias first tell Oedipus that he is the killer on Laius, Oedipus will not believe him and goes into a rage, Oedipus also will not believe Creon either. Oedipus’s prided really hurt him. His people was beginning to think he was unjust king, and that he was going insane. Having too much pride can really hurt you as see with Oedipus. But there was a king who had balance between pride and being humble. Odysseus was also a king like Oedipus was, but Odysseus was a more humble king. He also did not have as much pride as Oedipus did. Now, Odysseus did have pride issues just like pretty much every human. He very famous among his people, everyone across the land knew who Odysseus was. Odysseus was not only well known to his people but he was also well known to the gods. Odysseus was someone the gods enjoyed talking about and someone who the gods had a lot of faith in. This probably had something to do with Odysseus’s pride. Odysseus’s pride was different from Oedipus’s, instead of leading Odysseus to his fall, his pride actually helped him on his journey home. Odysseus had a lot of pride when it came to his family; he had a faithful wife and a courageous son. When it came to someone trying to hurt his family or trying to take his place, Odysseus would not stand for it. When Odysseus had heard about all the suitors in his palace he became outraged and wanted to get home as quickly as possible. When he got home he was dressed as a beggar so none of the suitors would know who he was and that he had returned back to Ithaca. However Odysseus did expect his father to know who he was when he went to see him. Odysseus decided to test his father to see if he would recognize Odysseus. When Odysseus notices that his father does know who he is and that his father is suffering and struggling without his son, this hurt Odysseus, knowing that his own father could not recognize him, but Odysseus decides to swallow his pride and tell his father that he is finally back. This shows that Odysseus has a humble side unlike Oedipus, Odysseus was not afraid to be humble. Another this Odysseus was not afraid to do was take advice from someone and listen to them, Oedipus had a very hard time doing this. For example, at the end of book XXIV of the epic poem The Odyssey, Zeus’s daughter Athena commands Odysseus to stop the fighting and to make piece, so Odysseus takes her listens and takes her advice and makes piece with the people form the dead suitors’ home town. The pride between these two is completely different, because one more humble while the other was very hard headed. The only characteristic Oedipus and Odysseus had in common was pride, everything else is very different between the two of them. The relationships that Oedipus and Odysseus had were not similar at all. Odysseus had many people that liked him and stood behind him n his decisions, while Oedipus hardly had any. Oedipus was known across his land but he only had one companion named Creon who was his brother-in-law. Oedipus did have a wife, who he was deeply in love with, but like everyone else, he would not listen to what she had to say, nor would he believe it. Oedipus had faith in his wife, but only that she would not sleep with any other man, he did not have faith in her words. He also did not have faith in what Creon or anyone else had to say. Creon was very loyal to Oedipus, but on the flip side, Oedipus was not very loyal to Creon. Oedipus was always thinking that Creon was trying to take his kingdom. When Creon tries to tell Oedipus the truth about killer and tried to help him, Oedipus just yells at Creon and starts to blame him. Odysseus had better relationships with his friends and family, and even the gods. Odysseus was well-known and well-liked across his land. When Odysseus needed help with anything, there was always someone wanting to help him. At the end of book XXIV of The Odyssey when the battle was about to begin, Odysseus had his friends and family all wanting to help him fight. Odysseus was a very well-liked person not only by his people but by the gods. The gods were very fond of Odysseus, they liked to help him all they good and bless him the best they could. When Odysseus was slaying the suitors, many people believed that he had help for the gods. Also, at the end of book XXIV the opposing warriors believe that Odysseus had the help from the gods, which he did. When Odysseus and his men were marching to the battle site Athena was there beside him helping him along. Odysseus had a lot of faith in his family and his friends. While he was away he did not have to worry about his friends betraying him or his wife not staying faithful. In fact, his wife told the suitors that she would marry when she got her shroud finish, but at night when she got done weaving for the day, she would sneak into the room and unweave most of what she had done during that day. Penelope, Odysseus’s wife, wanted to stay faithful to her husband whatever it took, and whatever the consequences would be. Odysseus also had faith in the words his wife spoke; he would listen to her and believe what she said. Odysseus had very faithful friends and great relationships with them as well. His friend Dolius and his sons knew who Odysseus was the minute they saw him. However when Odysseus went to visit his father, Laerties, he could not recognize Odysseus. This broke Odysseus’s heart to know that his father could not see who he was even though he was disguised as a beggar. Odysseus ends up tell his father who he is so his father will not suffer anymore, and so they can have the same great father-son relationship they had before. When Odysseus and his father set down for dinner, they confirmed each other’s spirits, meaning they understood each other. Odysseus did not know his son much before he left on his journey, but when he returned Odysseus planned to make things right with his son, and get know him like a father should. Even though Odysseus had been back to Ithaca only a short while, Dolius, Odysseus’s loyal friend, and his six sons along with Laeties, Odysseus’s father, were ready to spring into action and fight right alongside with Odysseus under his command. Odysseus had great relationship with almost everyone he knew, which was a marvelous thing to have. Oedipus on the other hand lacked this slightly. His wife and he did have a wonderful marriage and they were happy with each other, but when it came time for advice, Oedipus did not it from her at all. When it came to self-control neither of them had much, however Odysseus had more self-control then Oedipus did. When Oedipus wanted to find the killer of Laius so bad, that he put a curse on the killer hoping they would come forward and confess. Oedipus’s intentions were good, but it was lack of self-control, if he had enough self-control then he would have realized the curse was not needed. Also Oedipus was always blaming people, he never took the time to look at the situation and come up with the appropriate solution. As soon as Oedipus hears that the murderers are in his land, he automatically blames the people, never taking the time to think about the whole situation. Another example was when, the blind prophet, Tiresias tries to tell Oedipus that he is the murderer he has been searching for, and Oedipus quickly blames Creon thinking this whole thing is a conspiracy. Under the right circumstances no one will have self-control. For Odysseus, when it came to his family, he hardly had any self-control. When Odysseus came home and saw all the suitors in his court, he was outraged, and began killing and did not stop until they were all dead. Odysseus did not like for people to mess with his palace, his son, or the love of his life, Penelope. However on the flip side, Odysseus displays good self-control at the end of book XXIV of The Odyssey during the battle, Athena commands Odysseus to stop fighting. Odysseus listens to Athena and orders his men to stop, and makes peace with his enemies. Oedipus had a hard time listening to people have self-control to make the right choice. Both of these men had motivation, for Odysseus it mostly love and passion, and for Oedipus it was fear. Oedipus had the fear that someone was always trying to take his crown away from him. Fear however, can be the best motivator but also the most destructive motivator. Oedipus’s fear motivated him to find the murderer of Laius, but does not listen when he is told, he is the killer. Odysseus’s love for his wife and son kept him motivated through his journey and helped him get back home. His motivation for killing all of the suitors was his love for his wife; he wanted no man to have to her. His passion for his land was his motivation for going into battle. These two are different in many ways, but their pride is one thing they have in common. Odysseus and Oedipus were both kings, but one was more humble then the other. The relationships they had with their friends and family were completely different, as well as their self-control and motivation.

Shawnee Prophet essays

Shawnee Prophet essays The goals of Tenskwatawa were to unite all the Indians into an intertribal confederacy under his leadership, stop the American land encroachment and ensure Indian survival. Tenskwatawa preached and demanded sobriety, monogamy, an end to witchcraft, and an end to all relations with the Americans based on visions he had in a dream. He called for total rejection of American culture and denounced the selling of Indian lands. Even though Tenskwatawa was not a gifted speaker or great warrior, he used his gifts of manipulation, forcefulness and persistence to convince other Indians to follow his teachings which were essentially Native and encouraged a return to communal life. Initially, he dominated the Indian movement attracting followers, first to Greenville, Ohio and then to Prophetstown on the Wabash. Prophetstown became a center for Indian resistance as his teachings spread rapidly. The Prophet attracted a considerable following, especially among the younger, more radical warriors. The tribe was cleansed of liquor and evildoers, and other tribes took notice and came to join the Shawnee at Prophetstown. This was the first step in the culmination of Tenskwatawas vision of Indian unity. For a very long time, the majority of people, Indian and both American and British viewed him as the main authority figure at Prophetstown. For the next several years, epidemics spread through the tribes and harsh winters brought famine. These and other misfortunes caused some members of other tribes to be even more suspicious of Tenskwatawas power. Many tribesmen began to believe he was no different from anyone else and left Prophetstown. However, the Battle of Tippecanoe was perhaps most devastating to the aspirations and dreams of the Prophet and his people. The failure of Prophets military leadership and magic to protect Prophetstown was a major factor in the decline o f his influence and most importantly, any lasting ...

Ten Facts About Port au Prince, Haiti

Ten Facts About Port au Prince, Haiti Port au Prince (map) is the capital and largest city based on population in Haiti, a relatively small country that shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. It is located on the Gulf of Gonà ¢ve on the Caribbean Sea and covers an area of nearly 15 square miles (38 sq km). The metro region of Port au Prince is dense with a population of over two million but like the rest of Haiti, the majority of the population in Port au Prince is extremely poor although there are some wealthier areas within the city. The following is a list of the ten most important things to know about Port au Prince: 1) Most recently, much of Haitis capital city was destroyed in a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 earthquake which hit near Port au Prince on January 12, 2010. The death toll in the earthquake was in the thousands and most of Port au Princes central historic district, its capital building, the parliament building, as well as other city infrastructure such as hospitals were destroyed. 2) The city of Port au Prince was officially incorporated in 1749 and in 1770 it replaced Cap-Franà §ais as the capital of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. 3) Modern-day Port au Prince is located on a natural harbor on the Gulf of Gonà ¢ve which has allowed it to sustain more economic activity than other areas of Haiti.4) Port au Prince is Haitis economic hub as it is an export center. The most common exports leaving Haiti through Port au Prince are coffee and sugar. Food processing is also common in Port au Prince. 5) The population of Port au Prince is difficult to accurately determine because of a large presence of slums in the hills adjacent to the city. 6) Although Port au Prince is densely populated the citys layout is divided as commercial districts are near the water, while residential areas are in the hills next to the commercial areas. 7) Port au Prince is divided into separate districts that are administered by their own local mayors who are under the jurisdiction of the entire citys general mayor. 8) Port au Prince is considered the educational hub of Haiti as it has several different educational institutions which range from large universities to smaller vocational schools. The State University of Haiti is also located in Port au Prince. 9) Culture is an important aspect of Port au Prince museums featuring artifacts from explorers like Christopher Columbus and historic buildings. Many of these buildings, however, were damaged in the January 12, 2010 earthquake. 10) Recently, tourism has become an important part of Port au Princes economy, however most tourist activity focuses around the citys historic districts and affluent areas. Reference Wikipedia. (2010, April 6). Port-au-Prince - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-au-Prince

Government and politics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government and politics - Term Paper Example Firstly, in order to understand the way in which the executive branch has changed, it is necessary to begin the analysis by stating that the Constitution of the United States expressly prohibits the President from declaring war. As such, this particular process is one that is supposedly only allowed to be engaged by the Congress. However, ever since the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the president has been able to allocate military resources and all but declare war. Though the Constitution has placed the executive branch in direct charge of the military and all actions related to them, the informal and circuitous manner by which the executive branch has engaged in war over the past 60+ years has meant that this particular dynamic of executive power has grown precipitously (Galbraith, 2013). Although this has been much discussed throughout society and opposing candidates of both parties have promised to close the loopholes by which such decisions are made, little actual traction has been made on this issue. Further, if any one of the three has most certainly lost power, it can be determined to be the Supreme Court. This supposedly supra-political entity has increasingly shown signs of operating at the behest of the executive branch and/or merely upholding policies or legislation of the Congress. Evidence of this can of course be seen with regards to the way in which the Supreme Court chosen to behave with relation to the Bush v. Gore crisis of 2000 and the decision to allow the continued suspension of habeas corpus with regards to the detainees housed at Guantanamo Bay (Alternman, 2000). Further, increased political pressures have kept the Supreme Court from ruling on warrantless wiretapping from the Patriot Act, clearly an unconstitutional practice, or the torture practices that certain branches of the military and intelligence community has been known to exercise over those whom it suspects of anti-American activities or sentiments. Whereas corporate interests nec essarily factor heavily into the decisions of governance, no more so can this be seen as with respect to the degree and extent to which the legislative branch has grown and evolved over time. Whereas several decades ago an individual of relatively meager means could run for Congress, the manner through which the system operates currently ensures that only those who are heavily funded, oftentimes by corporate or special interest groups, has any chance of actually attaining office (Bradley & Morrison, 2012). This has meant that the Congress does not serve as a primary mechanism for representing the will of the people; rather, it is oftentimes a mechanism through which back door deals, corporate cronyism, and other crooked practices are more and more likely to take place. Further, from pressure from the executive branch, the legislative has been seen time and time again to yield and favor a particular piece of legislation that has clearly not been in the best interests of the entire po pulation. Evidence of this can be seen with respect to the funding for the Iraq War, financial bailouts which were hastily agreed upon with little if any oversight or discussion, and a

Developing an attendance management and rehabilitaion policy Essay

Developing an attendance management and rehabilitaion policy - Essay Example Under Innocent absenteeism, employees fail to go to work for reasons that are beyond their control. According to Cascio & Boudreau (2008, p. 45), IHC, which is one of the UK healthcare consultants argued that half of UK workplace absence his not often related with health problems. People just decide to attend their domestic or personal issues while others are not motivated by their jobs and various other reasons (Griffin, 2011, p. 280). Absenteeism is a global issues that face almost all companies though rates of absenteeism varies across companies depending on company location, size, industry type, weather, and job stress inherent in a given job position and responsibility. Some of the reasons for work absenteeism include poor attitude toward work that may rise from abuse of freedom or critical issues like sick leave permissions. Personal or family problems including the need to take care of sick children or elderly, family conflicts, pregnancy problems among most women among other reasons are cited as common causes of absenteeism (Jacobson and School of Psychology, 2007, p. 136). In organizations where the workforce constitutes of aging population, there are often high rates of absenteeism since older people may not be able to hand work overload. In places where employees are stressed, absenteeism is often high, work-related stress may rise from poor feedback between employees and management, harassment and bullying, poor remunerations, overworking among other issues. As mentioned by Jacobson and School of Psychology (2007, p. 136), involuntary absenteeism may occur where employees are not provided with required transport. Other reasons of absenteeism may include activities of the organization such as trips, entertainment or training of staff. According to Cascio & Boudreau (2008, p. 46), some of the direct costs

Governments Responsibility on the Environment

Governments Responsibility on the Environment Our modern days market system is has put so much attention on its profits that it seems to have forgotten its social responsibility. Because of the increased production by the different markets and their attempt to keep with the competition, the environment has been very much affected. There are many stories in the newspapers and the news about global warming and other environmental hazards which have been as a result of the increased market productions; a good example is the much talked BP oil spill in the deep waters. This not only a show that the market is not careful while producing but it also shows that it has no much concern on the environment. This is where the government should come in. It is thus true that the todays government has a role to play in regulating and managing the environment we live in because the market system tends to ignore the environmental fallouts that have resulted in global warming issues. This is because the environment is like a public good which might not belong top someone specifically but is consumed equally by everybody. Unless there is a strong unity within the firms, then the environment will continue to disintegrate each day because each firm will concentrate on maximizing profits at the expense of the environment leading even to more global warming. Kevin Michael Rudd, is the current prime minister in Australia. He is also a leader of his party. According to him, climate change is the greatest moral, economic and social challenge of our time.† His intention is cut emission of green house gases by 60% before the year 2050. he signed the Kyoto Protocol immediately after being sworn in as Prime Minister. In December of the year 2008, he released a paper, commonly known as a â€Å"White Paper† which talked a bout reducing Australias greenhouse gas emissions. The paper talked about putting up an emission trading scheme in the year 2010 but this has been delayed to be put up in the year 2011 probably because of the much criticism that it encountered. The emission trading scheme is also the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and it estimated that the emission of green house gases would be less by a level between 5% and 15% in 2020 below the year 2000. Although Rudds government was not able to start an emission trading scheme as planned, it is trying to prove that it can meet its greenhouse gas reduction targets by rushing new energy efficient strategies. According to the Prime Minister, the government has made up its mind to extend the implementation of this scheme up to the year 2012. Despite of this delay, the Prime Minister insisted on the governments commitment to this scheme. He however brought an impression that if there was slowness in international action, the scheme could either be delayed further or even abandoned. His spokes person said that the government would make the emissions trading scheme part of the legislation by 2013 if the international action is sufficient by then. This matter has brought a lot of debate within the Australian government. There is a ministerial task group which will report in June on the options which include new industrial and building efficiency measures and an energy efficiency trading scheme. There are also fuel efficiency regulations and funding for clean coal and solar projects but these are likely to be pre-elections announcements to make it look as if the government is still much committed to dealing with climate change and is also able to meet the reduction aim that it has made an international pledge to. There are however fears that the fight against global warming will have an economic effect on many things. First, it is believe that it is likely that there will be more tax on everything. This will lead to increases in the price of meeting the countrys new policies on the environment. This is also considered that it could lead to the sending of a disastrous indication to the waving international climate talks. The country will have to pay a carbon price in order to meet its target. The public is not ready to pay more to deal with global warming. The concern of the public comes in because it is likely that when the carbon price is introduced to the market, it will be passed to the consumers through high prices for the products. Despite of this, the majority percentage of the entire population are willing to pay a higher price for power in order to achieve this. The high prices in products could lead to cost push inflation within the country. The government is also likely to spend a lot of money in implementing these policies. This is likely to have a negative effect on economic growth as the changes will bring with them high costs. The high costs will lead to a less production lowering the GDP. In terms of unemployment, it is true that it will rise as a way of saving on costs by the firms. All these parameters might only be affected in the short run but take a turn in the long term after the initial costs for the entire projects have been met. This means that a positive change is likely to be seen in the future after the implementation. What is important though is the fact that the emission of green house gases will go down leading to a cleaner and safer environment. References Gan, A, King, S, Stonecash, R Mankin, N, 2009, Principles of economics, 4th edn, Cengage Learning Jackson, J McIver, R 2007, Macroeconomics, 8th edn, McGraw Hill www.csiro.au/resources/pfnt.html

Critique of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan

Wright State University Modern Political Philosophy Essay 1 Critique of Thomas Hobbes’s â€Å"Leviathan† Wes Miller PHL 432 Donovan Miyasaki 10/9/2012 Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher best known for his 1651 text â€Å"Leviathan†. In â€Å"Leviathan† Hobbes suggests that human nature is one of competition, diffidence, and glory. I will argue against this assertion, claiming that human nature is not one of war and mistrust, but one of cooperation and collaboration. I will conclude by stating that man works together to achieve the common goal of survival, happiness, and advancement of the human race.Hobbes begins his explanation of the state of nature in chapter 13 of â€Å"Leviathan† by stating that all men are equal in nature. Although one man may be stronger or more intelligent than another, humans are relatively equal in every way because of their ability to manipulate and form alliances: â€Å"For as to the strength of body, the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with others, that are in the same danger as himself. †1 Because men are all equal, Hobbes believed that they desire the same things. If two men share the same desire, they become enemies.If all men are equal, there is no way for one man to be master of all other men. If a single man were to attempt to gain power over all other men, he would be overthrown by those he was trying to have power over. Considering that all are naturally equal, and all naturally desire the same things, the nature of man, according to Hobbes, is war: â€Å"So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly, glory† (293). In this constant state of war there is no desire for any technological advancements or culture because there would be no use for either.Many other aspects of life are thrown aside as well: â€Å"no navigation, nor us e of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitarily, poor, nasty, brutish, and short† (293). Hobbes claims that in this state of nature, there is no place for any type of justice or understanding of right and wrong.Because there is no society, there is no agreement on any type of guidelines between men. Because there are no guidelines, there is no way to be unjust. Therefore, every action in the state of nature is just. For example, it is perfectly just to steal from someone if they hold something that you desire (such as food, shelter, etc. ) Hobbes goes on to explain that the only reasons that humans would be in a state of peace would be the fear of death and the desire for commodious liv ing. Hobbes gives a very pessimistic view of human nature.If his claims that the human nature is one of competition, diffidence, and glory were correct, the world that we live in today would be impossible to achieve. If every man was constantly at war with every other man as Hobbes claims, there would be absolutely no room for any technological advancement. He says this himself: â€Å"In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain† (293). If what Hobbes claims is true, the human race would not even exist. Mankind would have destroyed itself before it was able to create any kind of society.Simply by looking back at how the world evolved to be the way it is today, anyone can see that the human race as a whole has been extremely successful. Humans worked together, formed alliances, and constantly took steps to achieve a more balanced society. Although many of these attempts have been unsuccessful, they were still attempts nonetheless. T he fact that the advancement of society was even attempted proves that humans had to have worked together. I agree with Hobbes’s view that no man can be master of all men, but I do, however, believe that some men can be masters of some men.For example, the monarchial systems of England and China were successful for thousands of years. Humans have a pack mentality, much like wolves. Some are leaders, and others are followers, this has been true since the dawn of man. There have always been chieftains, kings, and presidents leading a group of other humans. Because of this system, all men are not entirely equal. Some men have power over other men. The situations in which men can be at peace with each other is exactly what Hobbes said, fear of death, but is it not true that all men fear death?If man did not fear death, the human race would die out. There has to be a fear of death in order to survive. So, if there must be a fear of death to survive, and all men have a natural fear death, would this not mean that man’s nature is one of peace? One might argue that the societies in place today are constantly at war with each other, that societies are groups of people acting as an individual, proving that Hobbes’s idea of a human nature in which we are constantly at war is correct. I would reply, however, with another question.Isn’t society a result of a mass amount of collaboration between human beings? Because the societies at war are made up of a large group of people acting as an individual, one can come to the conclusion that before societies were created, there was only cooperation. If human nature is one of constant conflict and mistrust, societies could not have been created in the first place. So, if before society existed there was only cooperation, one could say that society itself is the cause of all conflict, the opposite of Hobbes’s suggestion.I have argued that Hobbes’s idea of the human nature being one of const ant conflict and mistrust is false. Humans have always trusted each other and worked together to advance the species as a whole. If there wasn’t cooperation before society, society would have never existed at all. Hobbes states that human nature does not allow industrial advancement, but industrial advancement has obviously been achieved. He claims that man can only be at peace when he fears death, yet men naturally fear death, therefore man’s nature is one of peace.The fact that Societies are constantly at war does not prove Hobbes’s theory correct, it does the opposite. Societies are a result of humans working together, therefore human nature is one of cooperation. It is difficult to know how humans would act in a complete state of nature, but merely the fact that man exists today is proof that our nature is not one of war. 1. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, in Political Philosophy: The Essential Texts, ed. Steven M. Cahn (New York: Oxford, 2011), 293

Essay about The History of the Salem Witch Trial in 1692

There was a point in our history when people believed in witches. If you were accused as a witch, you would be tried, most of the time found guilty, and hanged. These events happened in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. During the Salem witch trials in 1692, more women were accused than men. At the same time, women were also accusers. Many things could have caused women to be accused and accusers. These included, the stories Tituba told, the effects of Ergot Poisoning, Hysteria and the hunger for Power. During this time, the young girls (Elizabeth Parris, and Abigail Williams) started having fits. This was after Tituba told stories about demons and witches to them. These fits were similar to the fits one would have gotten if poisoned with†¦show more content†¦He diagnosed them bewitched. After the girls were announced bewitched, they started to accuse different people. Elizabeth accused Tituba. Tituba refused to be a witch at her trial, but later she confessed that she was one. She also claimed that there were secret witch groups all around Salem. Tituba’s confession, probably sent hysteria, and panic all around Salem. The effects Ergot poisoning could have been one of the causes of the Salem witch trials. Ergot grows in certain weather conditions. There has to be a cold winter followed by a wet spring. This was the case in Salem. If you were to get poisoned by Ergot, you experience many different symptoms. Some of the symptoms include muscle spasms, paranoia, hallucinations, trembling, shaking, and twisting of the neck and body. All of these symptoms were found in Abigail, Elizabeth, and all the other girls clamming to be possessed. There are many ways you could’ve gotten poisoned by Ergot. You could get Ergot poisoning by eating Ergot infected rye (bread), and by touching it with your fingers. Women in Salem were expected to cook and do house chores. In order to prepare rye flour, you had to touch it with your fingers. Scientists proved that ergot infected rye could survive the baking process. Since more women were handling the rye, they were more prone to get infected by it. This might have been why more women were accused and accusers than men. Hysteria could have been one of the things thatShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1358 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller in 1953. 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